Kim Harrisberg
Ishicilelwe okokuqala kwi-Thomson Reuters Foundation News
Ngenkathi imvume yakhe yokubaleka iphelelwa yisikhathi ngoNhlangulana ngonyaka odlule, umhlengikazi wase-Congo uMarseline Buhoro waqala ukuthola izingcingo ebhange lakhe eGoli ezithi i-akhawunti yakhe izovalwa.
Inyuvesi yezingane zakhe yabe isimtshela ukuthi ngeke zithweswe iziqu ngoba umndeni wakhe awunawo amaphepha asemthethweni.
UBuhoro uye wacela ukuthi anikwe isikhathi, echaza ukuthi ekugcineni usebonile ukuthi angasifaka kanjani isicelo sokuvuselelwa kabusha esebenzisa uhlelo olusha lwe-inthanethi lukahulumeni kodwa ubeselinde izinyanga ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi isicelo sakhe siphumelele.
“Kufana nokuhlukumezeka okwesibili,” kusho lo mhlengikazi (53) owafika eNingizimu Afrika ngo-2005 ebalekela impi yombango eyabulala umyeni wakhe nezingane zakhe ezintathu.
“Bavala i-akhawunti yakho, umnikazi wendawo ohlala kuyo ukuhlezi entanyeni, awukwazi ukuthenga ukudla ngoba awukwazi ukuthola imali – lokho kuyihlazo lokuba sezweni ngokungemthetho,” etshela i-Thomson Reuters Foundation engxoxweni yocingo.
Uhlelo olusha lwe-inthanethi olwaqala ukusebenza ngoMbasa ngo-2021 bekufanele lube usizo lwababaleki kanye nalabo abafuna indawo yokukhosela ababengakwazi ukuvuselela izimvume zabo kusukela izikhungo zokwamukela ababaleki zavalwa ngo-2020 ngesikhathi somvalelo kazwelonke we-Covid-19.
Kodwa izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo ababaleki zixwayisa ngokuthi amashumi ezinkulungwane zababaleki bebelokhu bezabalaza ukusebenzisa uhlelo olusha noma bahlulekile ukuthola izimpendulo zezicelo zabo, okubenze baphuthelwa umnqamulajuqu kaZibandlela wango-2021 wokuvuselela izimvume.
Ekupheleni kukaNhlolanja, uMnyango Wezasekhaya (i-DHA) umemezele kwigazethi kahulumeni ukuthi umnqamulajuqu omusha uzoqala ukusebenza, okuzonikeza abafake izicelo kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMbasa ngo-2022 ukuthi bavuselele izimvume zabo.
Kodwa njengoba amahhovisi okwamukela ababaleki eNingizimu Afrika esavaliwe, labo abadonsa kanzima ngohlelo lwe-inthanethi babhekene nengozi yokuxoshwa, ukuvalwa kwama-akhawunti asebhange, ukukhishwa ezindlini kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngamaphoyisa uma umnqamulajuqu omusha usudlulile.
Nakuba ukuhambisa izinsiza zikahulumeni nge-inthanethi kungasiza ukonga isikhathi nemali, abammeli bababaleki bathi kungase kubhebhethekise lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukana kwedijithali – igebe phakathi kwalabo abakwazi ukufinyelela futhi bazi ukuthi bayisebenzisa kanjani i-inthanethi namakhompyutha nalabo abangayisebenzisi.
Uhhafu wamazwe ase-Afrika kuphela afundisa amakhono ekhompyutha esikoleni, uma kuqhathaniswa no-85% wezikole emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kwe-World Bank.
Ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi kungenye inselelo, njengoba izibalo ze-International Finance Corporation zikhombisa ukuthi bangaphansi kwekota abantu base-Afrika abasebenzisa i-inthanethi – eYurophu, isibalo singu-80%.
“Ababaleki abasebasha bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha, kodwa ababaleki abaningi asebekhulile banolwazi olulinganiselwe kumakhompiyutha,” kusho u-Abigail Dawson, isikhulu sehhovisi labammeli i-Jesuit Refugee Service (i-JRS), inhlangano esiza abantulayo emhlabeni wonke.
“Iningi lababaleki kanye nabafuna ukukhoseliswa basebenza emkhakheni ongakahleleki futhi bahola imali encane. Idatha kanye nokufinyelela ku-Wi-Fi kuyizindleko ezingalindelekile uma kufanele uye endaweni ene-inthanethi,” kusho uDawson ephawula nge-imeyili.
Ngosizo lwe-JRS, lapho esebenza khona ukunakekela abantu abagulela ukushona, uBuhoro ukwazile ukufeza zonke izinyathelo ezidingwa uhlelo olusha: wakhe ikheli le-imeyili, wathwebula imibhalo yakhe futhi wayithumela nge-imeyili ku-DHA.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, ngemuva kokuthi abakwa-JRS bemsize ukuthi athumele ama-imeyili okulandelela ngokuphindaphindiwe, imvume yakhe iye yafika ngaphambi kokuthi kuvalwe i-akhawunti yakhe yasebhange, futhi izingane zakhe zakwazi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zazo futhi zagcina ziphothulile.
“Ababaleki abaningi, abanalo ngisho nekheli le-imeyili … silindele ukuthi benze kanjani ukuvuselelwa kwemvume ye-inthanethi engakasebenzi kahle?” Kubuza uBuhoro.
Okhulumela i-DHA uSiya Qoza utshele i-Thomson Reuters Foundation ukuthi amahhovisi okwamukela ababaleki azophinde avulwe, kodwa akazange anikeze usuku oluqondile noma asho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-inthanethi luzohlala isikhathi esingakanani.
Noma ngubani ofake isicelo sokuvuselela imvume kodwa wangaphendulwa “uyacelwa ukuthi aphinde asithumele,” kusho uQoza ephawula nge-emeyili.
UKUNGASEBENZI KOHLELO
Ngokwezibalo ze-DHA, ababaleki abangaphezu kwabangu-155,000 nabafuna ukukhoseliswa bavuselele izincwadi zabo ngohlelo lwe-inthanethi phakathi kokwethulwa kwalo ngoMbasa nangoZibandlela ngo-2021.
“Iziphathimandla zilinganisela ukuthi cishe zingu-71 000 izimvume okufanele zivuselelwe azizange zivuselelwe ngoba ababaleki kanye nalabo abafuna ukukhoseliswa kungenzeka sebahamba kuleli, bashona noma abakwazanga ukusebenzisa uhlelo olusha,” kusho uQoza.
Ezinye zezinselelo abafaka izicelo abathi babhekana nazo zihlanganisa ukuthi imininingwane eku-inthanethi ingesiNgisi kuphela, okungelona ulimi lokuqala lweningi lwababaleki kanye nabafuna ukukhoseliswa.
Abasebenzi bakwa-JRS and Refugee Social Services (iRSS), okuyinhlangano esiza abantulayo eThekwini, bathi izicelo eziphumelele ziphazanyiswe imibiko ye-DHA “yokungasebenzi kwezinhlelo” bacele ukuthi izicelo zibuyiselwe emuva.
Futhi zombili izinhlangano zibika ukuthi abaningi abafake isicelo bathola ama-imeyili okuqinisekisa ngaphandle kwezimvume ezinamathiselwe, kanye nokuthi ama-imeyili ayazitshwa uma engenayo inombolo yemvume oyifake kwisicelo emugqeni wesihloko.
Izindawo ezine-inthabethi nazo zixhaphaza abantu abangenawo amakhompyutha emakhaya, zikhokhisa ababaleki imali efika ku-R 300 (u-$20) ukusiza ngezicelo okufanele zithunyelwe mahhala, kusho izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo ababaleki.
“I-inthanethi akumele kube yiyona kuphela inketho,” kusho uGaby Bikombo, owake waba ngumbaleki wase-Democratic Republic of Congo futhi oyisikhulu sabammeli kwa-RSS.
“Uma (uhulumeni) ekwazi ukuklama into esebenziseka kalula nangezilimi ezikhulunywa ababaleki, kungaba nomehluko omkhulu,” esho esehhovisi lakhe eThekwini.
‘INDLELA YOKUVUMELA KONKE’
Miningi imithelela yokuphila engabhalwa phansi, kusho umqondisi we-RSS uYasmin Rajah.
“Ukungabi nayo imvume kuyisango layo yonke into – ama-akhawunti asebhange, umsebenzi, izindlu… Kuphinde kube nengozi yokungabi nazwe ezinganeni ezizalwa ngabazali abangenazo izincwadi,” kusho yena.
Amaqembu afana ne-JRS kanye ne-RSS asiza ababaleki kanye nabafuna ukukhoseliswa bafaka izicelo zabo nge-inthanethi, kodwa nsuku zonke phakathi kwabangu-15 nabangu-20 nangaphezulu babamba umugqa ukuze bathole usizo, kusho uBuhoro, oseqondisa abanye ohlelweni lokufaka izicelo.
Amaqembu alwela amalungelo ababaleki ebelokhu enxusa i-DHA ukuthi iguqule uhlelo, okuhlanganisa nokulushintsha ukuze lube yingosi ye-inthanethi ephakathi nendawo lapho imibhalo yezicelo ingafakwa khona futhi isetshenzwe, kunokuthembela kuma-imeyili.
Baphinde bacele ubudlelwano nemitapo yolwazi yendawo kanye nezikole ukuze kutholakale amakhompyutha ne-inthanethi kanye nemiyalelo neziqondiso ngezilimi ezikhulunywa yibo bonke ababaleki nabafuna ukukhoseliswa.
Kodwa okwamanje, ababaleki abaningi kanye nabafuna ukukhoseliswa basahlala ngokwesaba ukuthi ukugcwalisa ifomu ngendlela engalungile kwi-inthanethi noma ukungabi nekheli le-imeyili kungasho ukuxoshwa ezweni abafuna ukulenza ikhaya labo.
“Asifuni ukuhlala lapha ngokungemthetho, uhlelo lusenza sihlale lapha ngokungemthetho,” kusho uBuhoro.
Ishicilelwe okokuqala kwi-Thomson Reuters Foundation News
Umthombo wesithombe: Thomson Reuters Foundation/ Kim Harrisberg
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